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St. James's Park (Parque de Santiago), London.

picture of the lake with the London Eye on background. Photo of Guillermo Chaves.

St. James's Park is one of the Royal Parks of London City Area Westminster. With an area of \u200b\u200b23 hectares is the oldest and one of the most romantic cityscapes of Europe. It was named in honor of a leper hospital dedicated to St. James the Less which had been founded in the thirteenth century. It is hard to imagine that once grazed here pigs as they did 470 years ago, and that the area was known for farms, forests and women in addition to the hospital for lepers.

Plano perspective of the park. Photo of Guillermo Chaves.

St. James's Park is the oldest royal parks in London and is surrounded by three palaces. The oldest is Westminster, which has become the seat of Parliament, St James's Palace and, most famously, the Buckingham Palace. It is a must in the first visit to the city is because it is a city landmark and historic global importance. Parade Changing of the Guard " activity is a programmable timer that is a show very attractive to tourism and it happens in the park's perimeter. (1)

Photo of William H. Chaves

Brief history of the park

The area was originally a swamp, with meanders left to absorb the flood of Tyburn current still flowing through the lake. In 1532 Henry VIII acquired site and established a deer park and built the Palace of St. James. When Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne she gave unusual emphasis to the pomp and pageantry, and festivals of all kinds were carried out in this park. His successor, James I , improve drainage and water supply. A street was created in front of St. James Palace , but was Charles II, who made the most drastic changes. He created a park with a rigidly formal design 1660. He built a very long canal dug in the ground water and ordered the pond for the geese, pelicans and other waterfowl. In the west end, near what is now Buckingham Palace, was a large lake known as Rosamond pond. At the eastern end, there were several small ponds with canals and islands. These areas were used as bait to attract waterfowl such as ducks that were obviously shot to be enjoyed at the royal table. King James had a collection of exotic animals in the park. These camels, crocodiles and elephants. There were also exotic bird aviaries along what is now Birdcage Walk. And by the palace of St. James created a flower garden.

combination of trees and shrubs for foliage contrast in texture and color. Photo of Guillermo Chaves.

The park was completely re-designed by John Nash en1828 in the English style of landscape, with emphasis on the picturesque. The canal became a lake with curved edges. The trails replace official channels. Planted trees and shrubs was commissioned to fashion and traditional flower beds. He had learned well about these concepts of British design through its partnership with famed architect Repton landscape. During construction Nash was severely criticized for overspending on the project, which caused a scandal and the removal of the landscape. The work was completed by Bloor. is remarkable subtlety with which he handles the outline, you can see more with the view from the new bridge (1956) across the lake and another perspective is famous Whitehall.

Whitehall from St. James's Park. Photo of Guillermo Chaves.

The sense of urban isolation and the fact that being completely surrounded by woods in the center of a city is one of its most appreciated. The park as seen today remains as Nash designed it, and since then there have been only small changes. An elegant suspension bridge was built across the lake in 1857 and was replaced 100 years later by the concrete that we see today. The bridge across the lake offers one of the famous views of the Buckingham Palace . The latest changes are designed to complement the work of Nash. The shrubs are being restored in the spirit of their ideas and restaurant opened in 2004 designed to integrate into the romantic landscape. Today the park is cared for Colvin and Moggridge , consultants in landscape architecture. (2)

Lake St James Park, is regularly emptied for cleaning and refilled, so that after restoration is enhanced reflection Buckingham Palace. This is one of the best views can be obtained from a distance.

Walking along the paths of St James's Park

have to walk along its paths and especially surrounding the artificial lake is a pleasure, it contains two islands, the Duck Island and West Island . They shelter the hundreds of birds inhabit the park. The interesting thing about this park is a veritable bird sanctuary, you can see many birds and other animals like squirrels. If it is "birder" or bird watcher it is best to bring binoculars to see the many species of ducks. In the western island there are two nesting sites protected. Addition include long-tailed bird Aegithalos caudatus, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, Great Tit Parus major, Robin Erithacus rubecula , Blackbird Turdus merula , Firecrest Troglodytidae family, birds, woodpeckers arpinteros c Dendrocopos major and barn owl Strix aluco , all of which are reproduced in St James's Park .

Photo of William H. Chaves

In this picture I could capture the known as a magpie, itching or queer. Its scientific name is Pica pica. It's a bird species of the corvid family, and one of the most common birds in Europe to an altitude not exceeding 1,500 meters.

Of the trees that catch our attention is the common Fresno , also called European or Fresno Fresno black. Fraxinus excelsior L. is a deciduous tree whose height is usually 8 to 12 m, but reaches up to 40 m. It is yellow in the fall making it very attractive to urban forestry. Was grown a few years ago in parks, plazas, avenues, is now used less. Tree is used as alignment or in groups (3)

Fresno Europe. Photo of William H. Chaves

Tree " London plane tree" in English , Platanus x hispanica family Platanaceae are angiosperms belonging to the order of Proteales. It consists of a single genus, Platanus , with eight species distributed from Asia Minor to Laos in Asia and from Canada to Guatemala in America. Widely used in ornamental parks of London is a deciduous tree growing to 30 to 50m in height and is native to the northern hemisphere. Other species in the park are the scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea ) Black mulberry tree (Morus nigra ), which have been associated with the failed attempt of James I to build a British silk industry.

Photo of William H. Chaves

It's amazing the variety of uses in vegetation, pine, cypress, mulberry and fig trees, winding paths arranged in framing many spectacular views of the buildings in London. They are also the beautiful flower beds or borders, with a rigorous maintenance are combinations of foliage textures and colors to achieve harmonious and contrasting combinations of unique aesthetic quality.