Wearing A Tiffany's Bracelet In The Shower

The concept of Landscape and Quality. CURRENT TRENDS

The landscape and its perception


The concept of landscape is personal, human primordial living environment and that is the direct reference. The landscape is the impression the outside world through the senses and an interpretation of those feelings. Belongs to a time and space, in synchrony with the individual and their way of perceiving. The perception belongs to the person, their individual world, occurs in the now, which is the continuum of this. It is also a psychological process in which the individual interprets their living environment and creates knowledge. It is a human attribute to capture the external stimuli offering their environment to discover, organize and recreate everything around you becoming aware of reality through perception.

The also cultural landscape. Man is the configurator and at the same time is a recipient subject of the landscape. The landscape reflects the cultural background the subject who perceives it. Is its spatial projection, with the adjustments made to the system environment for living space for the individual and society as they are registered. Usually expresses its development style and lifestyle of people and peoples who inhabit it. The quality or lack of it in the landscape is the result of mutual development between human beings in their social life. insatiable configurator is a planet that has changed for good and / or bad aspiring to a better quality of life. " At the end is a proven fact that poverty and ignorance are incompatible with environmental quality and the contrast is generated by the accumulation of wealth in few hands, both facts detrimental to the landscape.

landscape aesthetic quality

The aesthetic quality of the environment in which we live is an aspiration of all people everywhere, and that beauty is a factor of influence for their mental health. Kevin Lynch recognizes the importance of these experiences to talk about the "sensible quality" ie, the quality of sensory impressions. It refers to a very broad topic of everything that human beings feel and perceive that they build up the quality standards that affect our immediate well-being. For him, the environment is an aesthetic appeal if their natural or cultural features are able to promote one or more sensory reactions of appreciation from the observer. "The aesthetic effects are only part of the full spectrum of feeling, although present in any act of perception" (Lynch, 2001).

We again have the perception as the fundamental human act, interpret, re-sets, defines and enhances your living space. The aesthetic is inextricably linked to the process of human perception. In the field of aesthetic , all approximation methods refer to the collection. Without perception there is not receipt or issuance of work of art. (Frances, 1985) Similarly, the medium becomes "landscape" only if someone sees it, and aesthetic quality is an assessment of the individual and their social environment.

human aspiration to build spaces to perform as an individual and society, has made me want to modify the environment to search for other harmonic relationships different from those found in their environment. We have the ability to transform landscape radically, this is sometimes the object and subject to the ability to create forms. These human activities in the landscape occur through actions of a very different character. Many of these actions aim at mean and have aesthetic quality through an underlying concept. The concept is defined as a cognitive unit meaning or unit of knowledge, an abstract idea or mental . That is an abstraction retained in the mind that explains or summarizes experiences, reasoning, imagination. The aesthetic implications of this process of perception can be profound. The aesthetic experience is a special kind of dialectical reaction within the mind to an external stimulus on which the mind overcomes cultural patterns and consistency. When the coherence encompasses both responses, figure or built elements or reflected from the cortex and the limbic system, the result is a "wide-ranging aesthetic," an experience with a strong emotional component. (Martinez, 1992).

art function in landscape

regular contact is important to the individual with the art. According to studies by Norwegian scientists, not only has a value aesthetic and recreational value, but holds a remarkable therapeutic value, long life, health affects and improves the physical and mental. The landscaping is both art and science . What we see today is that landscape architecture in the XXI century reappeared in new forms, integrates multiple disciplines and set a new way to understand, appreciate and relate better to our environment, both urban and rural or wild.

This power to manipulate the environment comes the need to find the means to increase the effect of color . From here the desire to know everything related to the manufacture and application of colors to reach the artistic creation and aesthetic aspiration and create works of their own and unmistakable.

Aesthetics and color

One of the characteristics of color in art is to generate a critical tension between the elements, evoking a cerebral response, the forms generated emotions through appreciation or through the post. The color enriches the world and our perception of it. The way we perceive in your environment has a strong visual bias, over 80% of the information environment that we perceive is visual. According to a study by the Institute for Color Research in the first 90 seconds of seeing something or someone, we receive between 62 and 90% of the information refers to color.

The color is inherent in the landscape, where natural or artificial pigments provide a visual reference. Its proper use can cause a similar response when we are in contact with art. Ie, capable of generating a "critical stress" between elements and the viewer, evoking a cerebral response. Hence the importance of managing psychological values \u200b\u200bsuch as quality color, its chill and its other qualities.

is known that the green areas and urban parks are a reference point in establishing the sense of belonging and the creation of its urban image. These areas are part of the sense of identity, security and shelter. The parks and gardens are essential to our well being, both socially and psychologically. The researchers speculate that the green areas have a restorative effect on voluntary attention, which is the kind of intense concentration, to work or study and ignore distractions. Two recent studies on the saturated urban population Netherlands and Japan showed that those living in areas with access to green areas, enjoyed better health and had lower mortality rates than those without them. Other research in health suggest that relatively passive contact with nature reduces blood pressure and anxiety levels. Can promote and create a sense of identity. Where you want to look at the recovery of green areas with the aim of improving environmental quality and recreational represent the public investment is not so high as to bring enormous benefits to society. (Ackerman, 2006)

harmonies Creating and color contrasts

In landscaping and horticulture know that colors have an influence on the psychology of the individual. In certain colors, certain emotional effects and / or intellectual. This knowledge comes from a kind of archetypal origins symbolic program that has tried to fathom the psychological sciences. Historically something always led us to try to wrest the colors of nature and bring them near where we live, or create them artificially, creating harmonies and contrasts to provoke a sensory response. The experience testifies that color affects mood and feelings, is a powerful tool because the colors are appealing to the emotions, so they are able to produce different levels of reactions. Regardless of their discord or harmony, can cause psychological effects as a consequence, physiological.

The psychology of color, although it is a science imadura has yielded significant results on its effects on perception and human behavior. His research and studies show a relationship between color and certain moods. When the brain perceives, at different levels, the profiles of the wavelengths of the colors, they within the rhythms are orchestrated simultaneous or synchronous and result in a very special kind of experience which can be called beauty .

The German architect Bruno Taut wrote rightly states that "A fundamental truth: man is in need of color." color preferences are an expression of emotional conditions, such as feelings and moods and much depends on what you want them. As landscapers we are able to propose color schemes knowing the implications of our aesthetic criteria. There is beautiful or ugly color, depends on a time and place to be one or the other. But if we can get our combinations of color and texture are determinants of good quality in the designed landscape. There is a factor of taste or sensibility characteristic of the culture to which we belong, but it is our duty to make proposals and to raise at least experimental values \u200b\u200bof unity and harmony in our projects. And be able to enroll in the middle with great consistency with the environment.

Moreover, the development of the individual's sensitivity to certain colors occurs parallel to its culture, integrated into all aspects of your life. The color preference is innate, although difficult to prove in the teaching process not involved in any way the visual stimuli we receive from birth. Newborns only distinguish the contrasts between colors, light and dark. Is about three years children almost invariably prefer primary colors to delicate nuances (Martínez, 1992), ie the most brilliant and essential as red, yellow or blue. Learning colors in children is related to how appropriate the environment through partnership affective events. (Gómez, 2002).

The landscape architect is in available many of the items, well managed green areas give expression and appearance. The practitioner may appeal to many design resources to establish harmony and balance, a balance must be maintained over time. is also capable of achieving a comfortable scale and proportions related to their environment, including aesthetics.

Frances, Robert. Psychology of art and aesthetics . Ediciones Akal. Spain

Lynch, Kevin. (1992). Administration landscape. Spain: Grupo Editorial Norma.

Jennifer Ackerman, Urban Parks, Green for spirit. National Geographic October 2006

Alva Martinez, Ernesto. (1992). color in Mexican Architecture. Mexico: Litoprocess SA

Cristóbal Gómez Mayorga, (2002) Learning colors or rainbow construction.

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Orientations for the FIRST PART OF THE THIRD ASSESSMENT

You already have available in the virtual classroom guidelines for the exam, as well as slideshows.

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LANDSCAPING, AN INTRODUCTION

Bios Viveros, Escazú, Costa Rica. Construction and photo: Laura Rodriguez. Design: G. Chaves.

introductory So I pose the following questions: What are the trends of landscape architecture today? and Why is it important for me to know these trends and what impact it can have on our environment?, Is it necessary or vital to know these new directions that acquires the profession?

A trend is defined as a driving force for a body to move toward point, is therefore direction, inclination , guidance. Is tending toward a particular purpose and move (forward even with one eye looking back). So in a general sense, is the propensity or inclination in men or things to certain purposes. Is a pattern of behavior of the elements of a particular environment for a period of time. It is simply the address or course and may be of a political movement, philosophical, artistic, etc..

Garden in Villa Real, Santa Ana, Costa Rica. G. Design Chaves. Construction: Viveros Bios.

The professional landscaper may have been raised these questions more than once. Has implied a concern prospectively, ie, I am interested in the course of my profession and I have a notion of the future. "I can I make something with my ideas? It is very timely to ask what landscape architects can do our act locally. Moreover, if we can contribute a bit to environmental problems. Any new contribution is negligible in this context and we must feel privileged. A park or garden is well designed, in terms of consistency with the medium is in itself a necessary contribution.

These concerns are very valid, and we can assume an attitude foresight in setting up a promising evolution for the profession in each country or region where they work. It is unreasonable act by imitation, repeating patterns is to give minimal effort, to work without a minimum commitment for quality in design is missing a valuable opportunity to make a difference.

Garden, Kew Gardens Poas. London, England.

both architectural design and landscape emerge in responses that are not nothing but repetitions of preset patterns, leading to a depletion in the form of project and no longer develop new ideas but copies of past trends or misinterpreted historicism. Many times this is the result of a deficiency in professional development. This then makes works that are hybrids born without a clear line of design. Create new ways without knowing the formal language of the current landscape design flows and past does not always reach a good result and formal space. It is important to establish a clear language regarding trends, define their position as being creative about what the most significant international. What are regional and even national ones, and how they directly influence our work. It is worth asking what forms acquire and what is its formal grammar . If you are faithful to a style and if adapted to the reality of the country. The landscape that knows the past can not generate a clear language regarding the trends for either distance themselves or to give continuity to the best ideas to conceptualize and develop our landscape projects.

These small gardens were flanking a facade of Gaudi's Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain.

Any landscaping work must be done to show a high degree of creativity (of course subject to the conditions imposed by the client and if the professional fees charged by the permit) and must be designed to be enjoyed for many years. Today is very important that should be seeking the means economy and a reasonable cost, sometimes this is difficult in a market that knows the real costs of inputs. If you try the best results with limited resources is an energy saving, environment thanks you.

A landscaping work can not and should be decontextualized environment, hence we must be constantly reviewing what are the means of expression that I use, what direction I indicated in social and cultural context what are the environmental factors that influence the selection of materials that build my landscape and other factors that influence our creative work.

Floor Museum Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind won the competition for the extension in 1989.

We can be concerned to know what the contribution of its own initiative to other people, and the best thing that can happen is a satisfied customer to recommend us to others. The honesty with himself, the imaginative design and the highest quality as north are often sufficient to make the work stand out itself. To enjoy the creative process can also be incorporating new features to specific demands and solutions. These are ways of approaching the design that are interesting to others. Not necessarily correspond to what you think an intellectual elite, because we are just entering the country a culture of "taste for landscape design" we hope to promote the appreciation of beauty similar to that of the arts, but with a character even more democratic. Imagine people enjoying and recognizing a minimalist garden , hopefully the public, or a park where there are works of Land Art , or park to rescue a native ecosystem , as faithful to native species. All these options start from a very specific conceptualisation for every place and every need. Can hope to reverse urban decay and improve its quality with a creative design approach , synthetic and austere .

Botanical Garden of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bCarlos Ferrater Lambarri, Josep Lluís Canosa I Magret, Isabel Figueras. Photo of Ricardo Chaves.

"Where are we?, Is a concern is " a little existential that we have to answer to all those who are organized in associations and those who own initiative, care and study what happens in our immediate environment and the world. This question also implies the idea of \u200b\u200bexamining what happened in the past, contextualized from the cultural baggage that we built and the paths that might arise in the future.

In our particular way of relating to space can be a lot of attitudes and skills that make you essentially many views and perspectives of life as people may have. Interpret all the instruments available to this profession with a particular frame of mind, some work is also all the information that ties an undeniably to environment, a particular culture and historical context that are unique e unrepeatable. The impact of the work culture or vice versa and the ideas behind them are intrinsic and can become a real and qualitative step guide to many more people.

Olympic Village Barcelona.

A trend in the case of design, should have indicators and relating . There are references to trends that have to be confused with another concept style, groups of a certain style or stylistic components that the design is adopted. " The concept of style, according to Carlos Janlilevich , widely used by the history of architecture and art of humanistic and positivistic roots, refers to a number of common features more or less repetitive that can be present identify a particular work as belonging to a school or run mode and a period of time and place in which he appeared or school or form was common use. For example, in painting speaks of French Impressionism in literature of the English Golden Age, in Elizabethan Gothic architecture, and so on. "

A trend, if we refer to its most trivial, can have implications immediate and ephemeral as intended fashion, with a somewhat commercial and mercantile, or be so broad and have a profound impact on a social level, such that in itself may be a reflection of worldview and outlook on life . There are other ideas associated with the word trend, for example, we refer to a tendency to make what stands out for its style. This is what is in the "first line" building, also called "vanguard" and that is the radical renewal forms and contents, which replaced earlier trends through confrontation. There are also new trends that are seen as decisive in the ideals, both aesthetic and ideological society or part of it.

Botanical Garden Robert and Catherine Wilson,
Apdo.73, 8257 San Vito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

No always has to be a break or divergent approaches that change the direction of a definitive to have trend. Renovating artistic movements are unusual, avant-garde tend to have a provocative attitude and values \u200b\u200bto challenge existing models so far, but may live with less radical forms of expression more measured. There must be some consistency between the work that is specific or planned and how underlying the thinking behind the creative work. This reflective work is essential to document the particular vision of the individual creator or the contemporary. One of the difficulties in defining a trend based on the "vanguard" is truly outstanding works landscaping, as well as architecture, can not be defined by trends or styles: "quality transcends the style and substance is related to order and the deeper meaning of the individual work " (William Curtis). Instead of trends or styles, many critics refer to a few recent works reaching a higher degree of resolution and become milestones or concerning deep aesthetic value.

Today the landscape is good work taking place in many corners of the world and like Curtis think is essential to distinguish between the substance and what is simply fashionable. " that care must be taken when referring to the idea of \u200b\u200btrend in landscaping, to denote not fashion, but encompass a large number of works that may or may not be extraordinary but are successful, they have a commendable quality, ingenuity and respect deal with the pressing social, urban and ecological. Some works may can not compete with the great works of extraordinary budgets of rich countries but still they recognize their contribution and look forward to and respect their dedication to implementing and maintaining unique spaces. It is found in the noise of the moment the enduring qualities.

Robert and Catherine Botanical Garden Wilson,
Apdo.73, 8257 San Vito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Resource dedicated to Luis Diego Gómez. Design: Guillermo Chaves.

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DANIEL URBAN KILEY pioneer of the modern movement

http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/article.php?id=6836

DANIEL Urban Kiley (1912 - 2004)

Dan Kiley developed a successful career for over sixty years. was hailed as the dean of architecture American landscape. A pioneer in the modern combined the modern movement functionalism with classical design principles (1). His work sought to introduce a new human order on earth, but leaving that part to be expressed through natural forms, theirs was not a decorative work. He was a teacher who solved their designs with unique geometric patterns, while he had the firm belief of a human being as part of nature. Kiley's art conceptualized as an adjunct to architecture. "Light, space and flora are the components of the context of a building which built its landscape." (2)

is said that the best of his works are deceptively simple, you may well be because the proposed spaces are displayed as if they were a "nature walk" . So much so that many of his landscapes proposed are not treated as the masterpieces they are. Garrett Eckbo said "The impact of Kiley in the global landscape is substantial and memorable ... to quietly is a true leader."

Dan Kiley - Washington DC

http://phillipsgarden.wordpress.com/tag/dan-kiley/

Unfortunately some of his designs have been both changed their criteria and their initial concept has been lost. However, his work is very consistent and the result that today we can see, after decades of maturity, may be undervalued because it is not the type that requires the devices on the landscape design, but the imprint of his hand is invisible to who know that there is a preconceived idea. Anne Raver said Kiley revealed designs in the spiritual sense of the land and moved the viewer through space, creating a sense of Infinity.'' It is best known for the proposals made in the war, because of this the work of the first two decades of his career are little known.

http://www.dwell.com/articles/new-trio-from-stout-publishers.html

worked in some of the most important committees in the United States, helping to raise the level of the design profession landscape.

Kiley was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1912 . In 1932, began a four-year apprenticeship with landscape architect Warren Manning , who had been a partner of Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park . During this period he learned the fundamentals of professional practice in office and developed a special interest in the role of vegetation in the design, which led him later use, creative and innovative plants in the landscape. In 1936 Kiley went into the design program at Harvard University . Among his classmates and friends were Garrett Eckbo and James C. Rose, who also became influential landscape architects. During his stay in Harvard , Kiley and classmates, Eckbo and Rose , explored modern landscape design. Kiley innovations applied to the design, leaving the controversial theoretical Rose and Eckbo. These approaches developed together raised in three articles published in Architectural Record between 1939 and 1940. Kiley left Harvard without graduating 1938.

In 1947, Kiley and Eero Saarinen won the design competition for the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial , known as the Arch of St. Louis, a high-profile project launched her career as a landscape architect.

In 1955, again with Saarinen, designed the acclaimed garden Miller in Columbus, Indiana. The first of its essentially modern landscape designs. Among his other works are the Fountain Plaza in Dallas, Texas, Nations Bank Plaza in Tampa, Florida, Air Force Academy, the Oakland Museum, the Independence Mall in Philadelphia and the Museum of Art Dallas. Some of the best known works include Lincoln Center Kiley in New York, John F. Library Kennedy in Boston, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and Dallas Museum of Art.

(Image courtesy of IMA )

http://www.atomicindy.com/2010/06/eero-saarinens-miller -house.html

Kiley are recognized as both the domain and the clarity of the monumental scale (as found in French baroque gardens) and the spatial sensitivity that showed the first architects in the post-war America.

Among his innovations are necessary to describe the use of hedges and walls that was influenced by the work of modern architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and the rhythmic geometric structure or tree grid , more like the use of columns in architecture. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Kiley never wrote, also spent time teaching. Completed over 900 projects and received numerous awards.

The Miller Estate and Gardens in Columbus, Indiana is one of his works left to posterity as a landmark of the era. The Miller House was designed by Eero Saarinen , interiors Alexander Girard, and landscape design for the above named Daniel Kiley . are "classic modern horticulture, unsurpassed in the United States ..." by journal The Magazine Antiques. Internal Miller is one of the most recognized of the United States of architecture and landscaping modernist mid-century. This was a private home from 1955 to 2008. Was performed for industrial J. Irwin Miller (1909-2004), famous for being one of the most important patron of the twentieth century modern architecture and a model of corporate citizenship. "There is no precedent in which a single philanthropist has placed so much faith in architecture as a means to civic improvement." ( 3) The IMA (Indianapolis Museum of Art), with financial support from the Foundation -Irwin Sweeney-Miller, and members of the Miller family acquired the property in 2009 to preserve and eventually opened to the public, probably in 2012. He is currently part of the Museum, who cares the assets donated by the Miller family members, and include the house and gardens, along with many of its original furnishings.

http://makdreams.tumblr.com/post/1699532533/landscapearchitecture-vulgare-miller-house

Some of the "rooms" Garden serve as famous sculpture galleries, a "allée" ( avenue trees on the side) acacia tree, the visual channel towards a sculpture by Henry Moore, draped woman reclining, facing a dark green hedge. These mounds also were intended to contain the views within the boundaries of the property and avoid lines of sight to the yards of neighbors. "This is a site that lives inland. Instead of capturing a view of distant mountains or water, the views here are a lower horizontal plane, usually under the branches of trees, and grazing tops of low bushes or along the tree-lined avenue. "

http://www.propertyweek.com/walters-and-cohens-wembley-primary-school-london/3157699.article

"The Miller family sold most of the art collection in 2008, including the sculpture of Moore serving as the focal point, leaving a vacancy impressive. But they found photographs showing that a simple travertine bench originally here. The bank, he said, again. " (4)

Video of the house and garden http://www.artbabble.org/video/ima/miller-house-and-garden

(1) (2) http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=john_nivala&sei-redir = 1 # search = "+ URBAN + KILEY DANIEL

(3) (4) http://www.lalh.org/preservation/casemillergarden.html

http://www.gardenvisit.com/assets/madge/miller_house_garden_2022_jpg/original/miller_house_garden_2022_jpg_original.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miller_House_in_Columbus.jpg

http://tclf.org/pioneers/dan-kiley

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GARRETT LANDSCAPING Eckbo, a pioneer of Modernism in Landscape.

http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/cedarchives/profiles/eckbo.htm

GARRET Eckbo (1910-2000)

GARRET Eckbo was one of the most respected and influential landscape architects and a pioneer of Modern Movement American Landscape. He worked tirelessly to cease the Beaux-Arts system landscape design, to make way for an approach that addressed the social challenges and economic the modern world. It was a creative deliberately experimental, his designs are focused on the garden, as he believed, was the prototype of the entire landscape design. His finished work was influenced by European modern architecture, modern art and vernacular traditions of the American landscape. In the gardens of Garret Eckbo we recognize the strong influence of the avant-garde, with references confessed to a long list of artists: Picasso, Braque, Malevich, Arp, and others. Was also inspired by the architecture of Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius . In the 1960, Eckbo work would acquire new positions in the context of social activism and were interested in the integration of landscape design and architecture. Also important are his explorations of the creative uses of technology and science.

http://www.lalh.org/books/images/BK_ECKBO_PLANAR_lg.jpg

The Planar Framework of the Garden. From The Art of Home Landscaping (1956).

Garrett Eckbo was born in Cooperstown, New York, in 1910, but grew up in California. His father was Norwegian. He studied landscape architecture in the University of California Berkeley , graduating in 1935. It then headed south to work in the Armstrong Nurseries in Ontario , California, completing nearly a hundred landscape design before undertaking graduate studies at Harvard University . While attending his studies at Harvard befriended Dan Kiley and James Rose . All three were disappointed with the curriculum based on the movement Fine Arts . They were influenced by Walter Gropius , admired the work of Fletcher Steele and read to Christopher Tunnard . He and his classmates Dan Kiley and James Rose created the "Harvard Revolution" achieving enter modern movement in landscape design.

http://land8lounge.com/profiles/blogs/spatial-artifacts-eckbo

Pocket Park Lido Bay

In 1938 Eckbo returned to California and worked for Thomas Church . Most of the innovations in modern American landscape architecture were implemented in private gardens, we can see in the extensive production of Church - and then at the corporate level. Eckbo also managed the implementation of its proposals to the public, basing his theory and design research in search of a better living environment , based his design premises to achieve a standard than optimal , instead of minimum . His lifelong commitment was to improve the social through the landscape. He is recognized as a man whose aesthetic principles applied to design the development in all areas, whether private gardens, cooperative space, or housing for farm workers. Eckbo developed a sophisticated system design and implementation, even with limited budget, with strict time constraints, or unfavorable sites.

Eckbo worked as a landscape architect Norman Bel Geddes to in the General Motors pavilion for the World Fair in New York in 1939 and the Farm Security Administration .

Botanical Garden Usonian

http://www.historiasztuki.com.pl/022_OGRODY_08_MOD.html

was a prolific author who published seven books and countless articles. In 1949 he wrote his book "Lanscape for living" where does one of the best introductions to a new thought of the modern landscape and showed a new approach to modern California garden . Eckbo moderated their formal expressions with a social vision , linking to an understanding of the natural landscape , always with the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking use human use. In rejecting the traditional concept of a garden as a site for pleasure or that were purely for plantations, and believed and passed the continuing debate between formal and informal conception of landscape. understood as garden space of interaction between people and place . To Eckbo, water was an essential element in the landscape, with rocks and earth. The pool became the focus clearly on the natural life of indoor / outdoor, especially in arid areas such as Palm Springs and Southern California . In the following years, published The Landscape We See (The landscape we see), The Art of Home Landscaping (The Art of Landscape Design Residential) and Urban Landscape Design (Design Urban Landscape), each of these works were documented records of their achievements and the theory derived of their daily practice and personal experience.

In the book "THE ART OF HOME LANDSCAPING" written in 1956, is about how to structure and build a landscape design with an open floor both useful and beautiful place to live. This is valuable because it portrays the vision and approach one of the great architects of the modern landscape.

http://www.stoutbooks.com/cgi-bin/stoutbooks.cgi/14158

The book is well illustrated with excellent photographs B & W and drawings of their designs. There are also pictures of Ernest Braun and Julius Shulman, photographer known for his work with the Eichler Homes and Neutra.

During the postwar years, the practice continued to grow in size with the completion of projects around the country and abroad. During these years was associated with other key professionals such as Robert Royston and Edward Williams. Landscapers Eckbo, Dean, Austin and Williams founded in 1964 company EDAW, that would become one of the offices of the world's foremost landscape. Eckbo retired from the company in 1973 and left his participation in planning projects, instead designing landscape architecture projects continued to grow. He was recognized by the landscape planning of many modern California gardens, schools, parks, college campuses and gardens of several shopping centers. In 1963 Eckbo returned to Berkeley to accept the chairmanship of the Department of Landscape Architecture and taught at the University of California South and the Department of Landscape Architecture UC Berkeley, serving as professor from 1965-1969.

From then until his death did not stop writing and carry out design projects. In 1975 received the Medal of Honor "American Society of Landscape Architects." Jellicoe Eckbo described as "a pioneer in modern landscape design, not only in relation to modern art, but his concept that gardens are for people, and for each individual in particular ".


Some sources consulted:
http://www.lalh.org/books/eckbo.html
http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/cedarchives / profiles / eckbo.htm
http://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/garden_landscape_design_articles/america/garret_eckbo

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CURIOSITIES OF HISTORY: ON PHOTOSHOP, REICHSTAG PHOTO AND MOLOTOV COCKTAIL

If you want to know more about the famous photograph that appears rigged in a Soviet soldier fluttering flag of the USSR in the roof of the Reichstag, Click Here . As to why are so-called Molotov cocktails, actually has to do with the war between the USSR and Finland. As enshrined in the Wikipedia:

His name is because it is used in the Russian War - Finnish and in Vyacheslav Molotov that time (foreign minister of the Soviet Union during the Second World War) communicated by radio to the Finnish population during the war, the Russian army was not shelling but sending food to this, the Finnish army said that since that "Molotov put the food, they would put the cocktails." Was very successful as anti-tank weapon, and it was terrifying for the morale of enemy troops. It has been used mainly in urban conflicts, given their ease of preparation and low cost. It is also used in several protests in several countries against riot police.

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Landscape Architecture functionalist Jean-Claes Canneel

Canneel Jean-Claes (1909-1989)

know the work of Jean Canneel-Claes, Belgian landscape architect, is essential due to strong place it occupies in the emergence of the modern movement landscaping. It is an intellectual who identifies with contemporary ideas being put into practice the functionalism in landscape architecture. Imbert Dorothe positions it as "an important figure in the confluence of art, architecture and urbanism in the twentieth century as it opens new avenues for understanding the relationship of modernity to the gardens, nature, and the city. "

Canneel had a unique voice in the Belgian landscape architecture was echoed in the opinion of Christopher Tunnard in England. After the first International Congress of Landscape Architects, held in Paris in 1937, drawn with Christopher Tunnard, a manifesto for the landscape design that examined the role of landscape modern and promoted the cause of the modern landscape across Europe to the twentieth century. The proclamation was called A Manifesto for Landscape Modernity, ( A Manifesto for Landscape Modernity ). The manifesto AIAJM called the exchange of ideas among garden designers of all nationalities and their collaboration with architects, planners and artists. The letters correspond to the Association Internationale des Architectes Modernist Jardins, who founded following the conference. The World War II prevented realize the ideals of the association of the developed countries. However ambition to position the Canneel profession of landscape architecture in the world of contemporary design was reflected in the founding of the International Federation Landscape Architects (IFLA) after a decade.

was the first landscape architect to graduate from the School of Decorative Arts de La Cambre in 1931, where he also studied urban planning and architecture. La Cambre (Belgium was the equivalent of the Bauhaus). Since its inception raised and actively promotes the connection between home, garden, and the city. Throughout the 1930's was honing his point of view of a modern garden, democratic and productive while working with the architects of the movement Luis de Koninck Belgian and Huib Hoste. Through his theoretical positions and innovative designs intended to level the emerging profession of landscape architecture with architecture and urbanism. At the same time demonstrates its potential to meet the needs of modern society.

expanded his formal language for gardens with its proposed public landscape in the exhibition Water 1939 in Liège. During the German occupation, he joined the planning section of the Agency for the Restoration of the Nation, where he helped rebuild the cities. He applied his theory of functional garden the reconstruction of postwar designs of cemeteries, sports fields and city squares. He emigrated to the Belgian Congo in 1950, for some years, for work as a planner.

Extremely dedicated to connecting the garden design to architecture, was commissioned to design his own house, in Auderghem (1931), to Le Corbusier and collaborated with leading architects of the modern, like the Belgians, Louis Herman De Koninck, defining a final design , Huib Hoste and Victor Bourgeois.

Photo Book Garden in twentieth century architecture . Written by Darío Álvarez Álvarez

The house was conceptualized to reach out the south, facing garden "functionalist" of Canneel. The result of this cooperation between these prestigious architects Canneel and is a work visually and functionally balanced. interior volumes defined by a visual and spatial composition implicitly guarantees the enjoyment of "outdoor rooms" that allow sun exposure, leisure, and exercise. In the 30's Canneel proposed paving system with modular components, a sandbox, a wading pool, flower and vegetable beds, fruit trees, lawn sunbathing and adjusted to customer requirements and site characteristics. These concepts are also proposed and implemented by Thus the van de Putte (1932), Danhier (1933), Fouarge (1935), and Heeremans (1937), whose gardens reflect the contemporary aesthetic. Met the requirements of "modern life" with minimal cost and low maintenance, and expressed concern about the views, topography, and vegetation. Seeing the garden as part of a larger design environment, Canneel expanded the scale of their operations to urban green areas and planning cities.

http://www.landinzicht.org/nieuws/jean-canneel-claes/

In the book "In Between Garden and City", Imbert Dorothe explores the career of the Belgian landscape architect. examines the social and aesthetic and theoretical influences that shaped Canneel work. One of the great pioneers of the landscape modern leaves a lasting legacy in the history of the discipline.

Some sources consulted:

http://www.jrank.org/gardening/pages/307/Jean-Canneel-Claes.html # ixzz1HYNj2tBR

http://www.jrank.org/gardening/pages/307/Jean-Canneel-Claes.html

The garden century architecture XX: Written by Darío Álvarez Álvarez