"Glass House, Mies icon and architectural minimalism, is perhaps the best example of conceptual architecture. This book is the paradigm which is based a large part of modern and contemporary architecture." (Note same address). Note landscape design criteria, fully consistent with the austere lines and expression transparent and free from inside the building.
The international modern garden resulted from a redefinition of the theory of art that not only visualized unity among the arts, but who believed in the creative potential of analytical thinking to solve "aesthetic and functional problems" . (1)
In the United States expressed with much vigor the influence of European architects who emigrated to this country before and after World War II . The name International Style began to spread in the United States after the modern architecture exhibition held in 1932 in the Museum of Modern Art in New York . The exhibition and the book he wrote Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson " The International Style: Architecture since 1922 " showed the work of Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier. The book and exhibition demanded the modern architecture, which as of this writing he called "international style" against the hegemony of Art Deco.
The development of "international style" in landscape architecture was parallel to the development of the architecture of buildings, Mies , Neutra , Schindler and Saarinen, would extend the same standards of design in the gardens and surroundings of buildings, with new geometry values, technical and space. But it was the American landscape for a new generation that formed the new principles, who believed that the best of contemporary architecture should be closely related to a consistent landscaping and the same level. Designers like Christopher Tunnard , James Rose , Garret Eckbo , R. Royson , E. Williams or Dan Kiley defended his philosophy of design based on creating space for outdoor life and integration of home and garden , obviously in the residential scale. These were the pioneers of modernism that were really notable exceptions. Another of the best known are Fletcher Steele, Roberto Burle Marx, Lanning Roper, Lawrence Halprin and Thomas Church. It is in America where the modern movement became more continuity and consistency, with implications for Latin America .
Fields Jefferson National Expansion Memorial in St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Dan Kiley
On a larger scale, the CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture, held de1928-1959 ), advocated for urban design strategies based on human proportions and in support of the four basic functions of human settlements: housing, work, play, and transportation. As seen in previous cases, European designers influenced the development of the International Modern Style in the United States with the formation of designers who learned about los jardines europeos y la jardinería en los libros. Serían fundamentales los viajes de los diseñadores paisajistas a ciudades del Viejo Mundo, que veían con mucho interés los nuevos rumbos que dictaba en arte en el diseño. El Paisajismo Moderno tiene como características un diseño complejo creado por espacios visuales arquitectónicos, con una mayor diversidad de influencias, incluidos los jardines asiáticos y el arte moderno. Podemos apreciar que algunos arquitectos intervienen el paisaje con “líneas de diseño modernas” , líneas rectas, planos inclinados o en múltiples niveles, los componentes naturales se vieron limitados a estos espacios acotados civil works, items such as waterfalls were integrated into the regular issues. trees were planted in large pots or in pure form in the pavement.
The new generation of American landscape took the early lead functionalism doctrine could be summarized in the top "fit for purpose" . That is, what is done in order to suit your purposes? This gives rise to a more simple and clear planning, and avoids the trappings of material things not fit for purpose. These designers began to become more aware of the artistic possibilities of the composition of space and its social responsibility and is best expressed in the work of the landscape that created the California Style Garden Design other manifestations of the modern movement that would spread so overwhelming in America. The strength of the movement was such that according Jane Brown (one of the most important stories on landscaping of the modern era) "is in America where modern garden reached its real importance "and" where l ogre, both in theory and in practice, high levels of environmental empathy, flexibility, maintenance and economy of means. "
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