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The concept of Landscape and Quality. CURRENT TRENDS

The landscape and its perception


The concept of landscape is personal, human primordial living environment and that is the direct reference. The landscape is the impression the outside world through the senses and an interpretation of those feelings. Belongs to a time and space, in synchrony with the individual and their way of perceiving. The perception belongs to the person, their individual world, occurs in the now, which is the continuum of this. It is also a psychological process in which the individual interprets their living environment and creates knowledge. It is a human attribute to capture the external stimuli offering their environment to discover, organize and recreate everything around you becoming aware of reality through perception.

The also cultural landscape. Man is the configurator and at the same time is a recipient subject of the landscape. The landscape reflects the cultural background the subject who perceives it. Is its spatial projection, with the adjustments made to the system environment for living space for the individual and society as they are registered. Usually expresses its development style and lifestyle of people and peoples who inhabit it. The quality or lack of it in the landscape is the result of mutual development between human beings in their social life. insatiable configurator is a planet that has changed for good and / or bad aspiring to a better quality of life. " At the end is a proven fact that poverty and ignorance are incompatible with environmental quality and the contrast is generated by the accumulation of wealth in few hands, both facts detrimental to the landscape.

landscape aesthetic quality

The aesthetic quality of the environment in which we live is an aspiration of all people everywhere, and that beauty is a factor of influence for their mental health. Kevin Lynch recognizes the importance of these experiences to talk about the "sensible quality" ie, the quality of sensory impressions. It refers to a very broad topic of everything that human beings feel and perceive that they build up the quality standards that affect our immediate well-being. For him, the environment is an aesthetic appeal if their natural or cultural features are able to promote one or more sensory reactions of appreciation from the observer. "The aesthetic effects are only part of the full spectrum of feeling, although present in any act of perception" (Lynch, 2001).

We again have the perception as the fundamental human act, interpret, re-sets, defines and enhances your living space. The aesthetic is inextricably linked to the process of human perception. In the field of aesthetic , all approximation methods refer to the collection. Without perception there is not receipt or issuance of work of art. (Frances, 1985) Similarly, the medium becomes "landscape" only if someone sees it, and aesthetic quality is an assessment of the individual and their social environment.

human aspiration to build spaces to perform as an individual and society, has made me want to modify the environment to search for other harmonic relationships different from those found in their environment. We have the ability to transform landscape radically, this is sometimes the object and subject to the ability to create forms. These human activities in the landscape occur through actions of a very different character. Many of these actions aim at mean and have aesthetic quality through an underlying concept. The concept is defined as a cognitive unit meaning or unit of knowledge, an abstract idea or mental . That is an abstraction retained in the mind that explains or summarizes experiences, reasoning, imagination. The aesthetic implications of this process of perception can be profound. The aesthetic experience is a special kind of dialectical reaction within the mind to an external stimulus on which the mind overcomes cultural patterns and consistency. When the coherence encompasses both responses, figure or built elements or reflected from the cortex and the limbic system, the result is a "wide-ranging aesthetic," an experience with a strong emotional component. (Martinez, 1992).

art function in landscape

regular contact is important to the individual with the art. According to studies by Norwegian scientists, not only has a value aesthetic and recreational value, but holds a remarkable therapeutic value, long life, health affects and improves the physical and mental. The landscaping is both art and science . What we see today is that landscape architecture in the XXI century reappeared in new forms, integrates multiple disciplines and set a new way to understand, appreciate and relate better to our environment, both urban and rural or wild.

This power to manipulate the environment comes the need to find the means to increase the effect of color . From here the desire to know everything related to the manufacture and application of colors to reach the artistic creation and aesthetic aspiration and create works of their own and unmistakable.

Aesthetics and color

One of the characteristics of color in art is to generate a critical tension between the elements, evoking a cerebral response, the forms generated emotions through appreciation or through the post. The color enriches the world and our perception of it. The way we perceive in your environment has a strong visual bias, over 80% of the information environment that we perceive is visual. According to a study by the Institute for Color Research in the first 90 seconds of seeing something or someone, we receive between 62 and 90% of the information refers to color.

The color is inherent in the landscape, where natural or artificial pigments provide a visual reference. Its proper use can cause a similar response when we are in contact with art. Ie, capable of generating a "critical stress" between elements and the viewer, evoking a cerebral response. Hence the importance of managing psychological values \u200b\u200bsuch as quality color, its chill and its other qualities.

is known that the green areas and urban parks are a reference point in establishing the sense of belonging and the creation of its urban image. These areas are part of the sense of identity, security and shelter. The parks and gardens are essential to our well being, both socially and psychologically. The researchers speculate that the green areas have a restorative effect on voluntary attention, which is the kind of intense concentration, to work or study and ignore distractions. Two recent studies on the saturated urban population Netherlands and Japan showed that those living in areas with access to green areas, enjoyed better health and had lower mortality rates than those without them. Other research in health suggest that relatively passive contact with nature reduces blood pressure and anxiety levels. Can promote and create a sense of identity. Where you want to look at the recovery of green areas with the aim of improving environmental quality and recreational represent the public investment is not so high as to bring enormous benefits to society. (Ackerman, 2006)

harmonies Creating and color contrasts

In landscaping and horticulture know that colors have an influence on the psychology of the individual. In certain colors, certain emotional effects and / or intellectual. This knowledge comes from a kind of archetypal origins symbolic program that has tried to fathom the psychological sciences. Historically something always led us to try to wrest the colors of nature and bring them near where we live, or create them artificially, creating harmonies and contrasts to provoke a sensory response. The experience testifies that color affects mood and feelings, is a powerful tool because the colors are appealing to the emotions, so they are able to produce different levels of reactions. Regardless of their discord or harmony, can cause psychological effects as a consequence, physiological.

The psychology of color, although it is a science imadura has yielded significant results on its effects on perception and human behavior. His research and studies show a relationship between color and certain moods. When the brain perceives, at different levels, the profiles of the wavelengths of the colors, they within the rhythms are orchestrated simultaneous or synchronous and result in a very special kind of experience which can be called beauty .

The German architect Bruno Taut wrote rightly states that "A fundamental truth: man is in need of color." color preferences are an expression of emotional conditions, such as feelings and moods and much depends on what you want them. As landscapers we are able to propose color schemes knowing the implications of our aesthetic criteria. There is beautiful or ugly color, depends on a time and place to be one or the other. But if we can get our combinations of color and texture are determinants of good quality in the designed landscape. There is a factor of taste or sensibility characteristic of the culture to which we belong, but it is our duty to make proposals and to raise at least experimental values \u200b\u200bof unity and harmony in our projects. And be able to enroll in the middle with great consistency with the environment.

Moreover, the development of the individual's sensitivity to certain colors occurs parallel to its culture, integrated into all aspects of your life. The color preference is innate, although difficult to prove in the teaching process not involved in any way the visual stimuli we receive from birth. Newborns only distinguish the contrasts between colors, light and dark. Is about three years children almost invariably prefer primary colors to delicate nuances (Martínez, 1992), ie the most brilliant and essential as red, yellow or blue. Learning colors in children is related to how appropriate the environment through partnership affective events. (Gómez, 2002).

The landscape architect is in available many of the items, well managed green areas give expression and appearance. The practitioner may appeal to many design resources to establish harmony and balance, a balance must be maintained over time. is also capable of achieving a comfortable scale and proportions related to their environment, including aesthetics.

Frances, Robert. Psychology of art and aesthetics . Ediciones Akal. Spain

Lynch, Kevin. (1992). Administration landscape. Spain: Grupo Editorial Norma.

Jennifer Ackerman, Urban Parks, Green for spirit. National Geographic October 2006

Alva Martinez, Ernesto. (1992). color in Mexican Architecture. Mexico: Litoprocess SA

Cristóbal Gómez Mayorga, (2002) Learning colors or rainbow construction.

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Orientations for the FIRST PART OF THE THIRD ASSESSMENT

You already have available in the virtual classroom guidelines for the exam, as well as slideshows.

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LANDSCAPING, AN INTRODUCTION

Bios Viveros, Escazú, Costa Rica. Construction and photo: Laura Rodriguez. Design: G. Chaves.

introductory So I pose the following questions: What are the trends of landscape architecture today? and Why is it important for me to know these trends and what impact it can have on our environment?, Is it necessary or vital to know these new directions that acquires the profession?

A trend is defined as a driving force for a body to move toward point, is therefore direction, inclination , guidance. Is tending toward a particular purpose and move (forward even with one eye looking back). So in a general sense, is the propensity or inclination in men or things to certain purposes. Is a pattern of behavior of the elements of a particular environment for a period of time. It is simply the address or course and may be of a political movement, philosophical, artistic, etc..

Garden in Villa Real, Santa Ana, Costa Rica. G. Design Chaves. Construction: Viveros Bios.

The professional landscaper may have been raised these questions more than once. Has implied a concern prospectively, ie, I am interested in the course of my profession and I have a notion of the future. "I can I make something with my ideas? It is very timely to ask what landscape architects can do our act locally. Moreover, if we can contribute a bit to environmental problems. Any new contribution is negligible in this context and we must feel privileged. A park or garden is well designed, in terms of consistency with the medium is in itself a necessary contribution.

These concerns are very valid, and we can assume an attitude foresight in setting up a promising evolution for the profession in each country or region where they work. It is unreasonable act by imitation, repeating patterns is to give minimal effort, to work without a minimum commitment for quality in design is missing a valuable opportunity to make a difference.

Garden, Kew Gardens Poas. London, England.

both architectural design and landscape emerge in responses that are not nothing but repetitions of preset patterns, leading to a depletion in the form of project and no longer develop new ideas but copies of past trends or misinterpreted historicism. Many times this is the result of a deficiency in professional development. This then makes works that are hybrids born without a clear line of design. Create new ways without knowing the formal language of the current landscape design flows and past does not always reach a good result and formal space. It is important to establish a clear language regarding trends, define their position as being creative about what the most significant international. What are regional and even national ones, and how they directly influence our work. It is worth asking what forms acquire and what is its formal grammar . If you are faithful to a style and if adapted to the reality of the country. The landscape that knows the past can not generate a clear language regarding the trends for either distance themselves or to give continuity to the best ideas to conceptualize and develop our landscape projects.

These small gardens were flanking a facade of Gaudi's Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain.

Any landscaping work must be done to show a high degree of creativity (of course subject to the conditions imposed by the client and if the professional fees charged by the permit) and must be designed to be enjoyed for many years. Today is very important that should be seeking the means economy and a reasonable cost, sometimes this is difficult in a market that knows the real costs of inputs. If you try the best results with limited resources is an energy saving, environment thanks you.

A landscaping work can not and should be decontextualized environment, hence we must be constantly reviewing what are the means of expression that I use, what direction I indicated in social and cultural context what are the environmental factors that influence the selection of materials that build my landscape and other factors that influence our creative work.

Floor Museum Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind won the competition for the extension in 1989.

We can be concerned to know what the contribution of its own initiative to other people, and the best thing that can happen is a satisfied customer to recommend us to others. The honesty with himself, the imaginative design and the highest quality as north are often sufficient to make the work stand out itself. To enjoy the creative process can also be incorporating new features to specific demands and solutions. These are ways of approaching the design that are interesting to others. Not necessarily correspond to what you think an intellectual elite, because we are just entering the country a culture of "taste for landscape design" we hope to promote the appreciation of beauty similar to that of the arts, but with a character even more democratic. Imagine people enjoying and recognizing a minimalist garden , hopefully the public, or a park where there are works of Land Art , or park to rescue a native ecosystem , as faithful to native species. All these options start from a very specific conceptualisation for every place and every need. Can hope to reverse urban decay and improve its quality with a creative design approach , synthetic and austere .

Botanical Garden of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bCarlos Ferrater Lambarri, Josep Lluís Canosa I Magret, Isabel Figueras. Photo of Ricardo Chaves.

"Where are we?, Is a concern is " a little existential that we have to answer to all those who are organized in associations and those who own initiative, care and study what happens in our immediate environment and the world. This question also implies the idea of \u200b\u200bexamining what happened in the past, contextualized from the cultural baggage that we built and the paths that might arise in the future.

In our particular way of relating to space can be a lot of attitudes and skills that make you essentially many views and perspectives of life as people may have. Interpret all the instruments available to this profession with a particular frame of mind, some work is also all the information that ties an undeniably to environment, a particular culture and historical context that are unique e unrepeatable. The impact of the work culture or vice versa and the ideas behind them are intrinsic and can become a real and qualitative step guide to many more people.

Olympic Village Barcelona.

A trend in the case of design, should have indicators and relating . There are references to trends that have to be confused with another concept style, groups of a certain style or stylistic components that the design is adopted. " The concept of style, according to Carlos Janlilevich , widely used by the history of architecture and art of humanistic and positivistic roots, refers to a number of common features more or less repetitive that can be present identify a particular work as belonging to a school or run mode and a period of time and place in which he appeared or school or form was common use. For example, in painting speaks of French Impressionism in literature of the English Golden Age, in Elizabethan Gothic architecture, and so on. "

A trend, if we refer to its most trivial, can have implications immediate and ephemeral as intended fashion, with a somewhat commercial and mercantile, or be so broad and have a profound impact on a social level, such that in itself may be a reflection of worldview and outlook on life . There are other ideas associated with the word trend, for example, we refer to a tendency to make what stands out for its style. This is what is in the "first line" building, also called "vanguard" and that is the radical renewal forms and contents, which replaced earlier trends through confrontation. There are also new trends that are seen as decisive in the ideals, both aesthetic and ideological society or part of it.

Botanical Garden Robert and Catherine Wilson,
Apdo.73, 8257 San Vito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

No always has to be a break or divergent approaches that change the direction of a definitive to have trend. Renovating artistic movements are unusual, avant-garde tend to have a provocative attitude and values \u200b\u200bto challenge existing models so far, but may live with less radical forms of expression more measured. There must be some consistency between the work that is specific or planned and how underlying the thinking behind the creative work. This reflective work is essential to document the particular vision of the individual creator or the contemporary. One of the difficulties in defining a trend based on the "vanguard" is truly outstanding works landscaping, as well as architecture, can not be defined by trends or styles: "quality transcends the style and substance is related to order and the deeper meaning of the individual work " (William Curtis). Instead of trends or styles, many critics refer to a few recent works reaching a higher degree of resolution and become milestones or concerning deep aesthetic value.

Today the landscape is good work taking place in many corners of the world and like Curtis think is essential to distinguish between the substance and what is simply fashionable. " that care must be taken when referring to the idea of \u200b\u200btrend in landscaping, to denote not fashion, but encompass a large number of works that may or may not be extraordinary but are successful, they have a commendable quality, ingenuity and respect deal with the pressing social, urban and ecological. Some works may can not compete with the great works of extraordinary budgets of rich countries but still they recognize their contribution and look forward to and respect their dedication to implementing and maintaining unique spaces. It is found in the noise of the moment the enduring qualities.

Robert and Catherine Botanical Garden Wilson,
Apdo.73, 8257 San Vito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Resource dedicated to Luis Diego Gómez. Design: Guillermo Chaves.